Novalith Technologies develops LiCAL™, a lithium extraction technology that uses carbon dioxide and water to convert hard rock lithium ores like spodumene directly into battery-grade lithium carbonate, avoiding sulfuric acid roasting and reducing emissions by about 50% compared to conventional methods. The process sequesters CO₂, minimizes waste, and enables high lithium recovery from low-quality ores and mine tailings for the global battery supply chain serving electric vehicles and energy storage. The company operates a pilot plant in Sydney and plans a U.S. demonstration refinery. Founded by Steven Vassiloudis (CEO), Dr. Andrew Harris (CTO), and Christiaan Jordaan (co-founder and advisor), with Anthony Tse as strategic advisor, it draws on intellectual property from Professor Brian Haynes of the University of Sydney. In October 2021, Novalith raised AU$2.5 million in seed funding led by the CEFC's Clean Energy Innovation Fund ($1.5 million), with participation from The Jeremy and Hannelore Grantham Environmental Trust’s Neglected Climate Opportunities. The company is headquartered in Sydney, Australia.